Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial coenzyme found in every cell in your body, involved in hundreds of metabolic processes. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, which is linked to various age-related diseases. To combat this, many people turn to NAD+ precursors like Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR). This article, reviewed by our Medical Advisory Board, will compare NMN and NR, examining the science behind each to help you understand which might be best for your longevity goals.
Medically Reviewed: All clinical information on this page has been reviewed for accuracy by Dr. John Smith, PhD.
What is NAD+ and Why is it Important?
NAD+ plays a vital role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression. It's essential for the proper functioning of sirtuins, a class of proteins linked to healthy aging and longevity. Declining NAD+ levels are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and age-related diseases.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
NMN is a naturally occurring compound that can be found in small amounts in foods like broccoli, cabbage, and avocado. It is a direct precursor to NAD+, meaning it can be converted into NAD+ in a single step. Research on NMN, particularly in animal models, has shown promising results in improving various aspects of health, including metabolism, cardiovascular function, and cognitive health.
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
NR is another naturally occurring NAD+ precursor found in dairy milk. It requires two steps to be converted into NAD+. NR has been extensively studied, with human clinical trials showing its effectiveness in increasing NAD+ levels in various tissues. Some research suggests NR may have benefits for metabolic health, muscle function, and neurological health.
NMN vs. NR: Key Differences and Considerations
While both NMN and NR effectively raise NAD+ levels, there are some differences to consider:
- Absorption and Bioavailability: Both are generally well-absorbed, but research is ongoing to determine optimal delivery methods.
- Research Volume: NR has a longer history of human clinical trials, while NMN research is rapidly expanding.
- Cost: Prices can vary between brands and forms.
- Side Effects: Both are generally considered safe with minimal reported side effects at recommended dosages.
Ultimately, the choice between NMN and NR may come down to individual preference, cost, and specific health goals. Consulting with a healthcare professional is always recommended before starting any new supplement regimen.